【C#】标准WebService Soap1.1 兼容 ContentType: application/xml

一、问题描述

1.1 ESB平台要求

• ContentType：application/xml
• Soap协议版本：1.1

  1.2 提供的 WebService 接口

  • 语言：C#
  • 目标框架：.NetFramework 4.6.1

    1.3 Postman 测试结果

    HTTP Error 415.0 - Unsupported Media Type

    服务器无法为请求提供服务，因为不支持该媒体类型。

    最可能的原因:

    所请求文件的格式已由服务器配置为不可进行下载。

    可尝试的操作:

    确认所请求文件的格式有效。

    Detailed Error Information:

    Module	ManagedPipelineHandler	Requested URL	http://localhost:55305/WebService.asmx?op=callBussiness
    Notification	ExecuteRequestHandler	Physical Path	…\ESBWebService.asmx
    Handler	WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated-4.0	Logon Method	匿名
    Error Code	0x00000000	Logon User	匿名

    More Information:

    如果服务器因不支持该文件类型而无法为请求提供服务，就会出现此错误。

    View more information »

    二、问题说明

    C# 使用创建的标准WebService 只支持以下ContentType类型

    • SOAP 1.1 ： text/xml; charset=utf-8
    • SOAP 1.2 ： application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
    • HTTP POST： application/x-www-form-urlencoded

      综上所述，要想解决此问题，由以下两种途径：

      • 与ESB平台人员沟通，要求使用WebService所支持的媒体类型text/xml;
      • 自己扩展SOAP，拦截application/xml类型的请求

        三、解决方案

        3.1 与ESB平台人员沟通，要求使用WebService所支持的媒体类型text/xml;

        3.2 自己扩展SOAP，拦截application/xml类型的请求

        要在C# WebService 启动服务时支持application/xml文件类型，您可以通过在 WebService 服务代码中添加一个 SOAP 扩展来实现。

        3.2.1 扩展 SoapExtensionAttribute

        [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
        public class ESBSoapExtensionAttribute : SoapExtensionAttribute
        { private int priority;
            public ESBSoapExtensionAttribute()
            { }
            public override Type ExtensionType
            { get { return typeof(ESBSoapExtension); }
            }
            public override int Priority
            { get { return priority; }
                set { priority = value; }
            }
        }
        

        3.2.2 扩展 SoapExtension

        在ProcessMessage中判断ContentType是不是"application/xml"，如果是则替换为可以被解析的"text/xml"

        public class ESBSoapExtension : SoapExtension
        { public ESBSoapExtension extension;
            public override object GetInitializer(LogicalMethodInfo methodInfo, SoapExtensionAttribute attribute)
            { return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());
            }
            public override object GetInitializer(Type serviceType)
            { return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());
            }
            public override void Initialize(object initializer)
            { //base.Initialize(initializer);
            }
            public override void ProcessMessage(SoapMessage message)
            { // 检查请求头Content-Type是否为"application/xml"
                try
                { switch (message.Stage)
                    { case SoapMessageStage.BeforeDeserialize:
                            if (message is SoapServerMessage serverMessage && serverMessage.ContentType.Contains("application/xml"))
                            { // 设置响应头Content-Type为"application/xml"
                                serverMessage.ContentType = "text/xml";
                            }
                            break;
                        case SoapMessageStage.BeforeSerialize:
                            break;
                        case SoapMessageStage.AfterSerialize:
                            break;
                        case SoapMessageStage.AfterDeserialize:
                            // 在反序列化之后进行处理（响应阶段）
                            break;
                        default:
                            break;
                    }
                    
                }
                catch(Exception exp)
                { }
            }
        }
        

        3.2.3 在方法callBussiness上注入扩展

         [WebMethod(Description = "调用业务")]
         [ESBSoapExtension(Priority =1)]
         public string callBussiness(string message)
         {return message;
         }
        

        ** 完整代码**

        using System;
        using System.IO;
        using System.Text;
        using System.Web;
        using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
        using System.Web.Services;
        using System.Web.Services.Protocols;
        using System.Xml;
        using System.Xml.Serialization;
        using Rss_WebServer.code;
        [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
        public class ESBSoapExtensionAttribute : SoapExtensionAttribute
        { private int priority;
            public ESBSoapExtensionAttribute()
            { }
            public override Type ExtensionType
            { get { return typeof(ESBSoapExtension); }
            }
            public override int Priority
            { get { return priority; }
                set { priority = value; }
            }
            
        }
        public class ESBSoapExtension : SoapExtension
        { public ESBSoapExtension extension;
            public override object GetInitializer(LogicalMethodInfo methodInfo, SoapExtensionAttribute attribute)
            { return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());
            }
            public override object GetInitializer(Type serviceType)
            { return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());
            }
            public override void Initialize(object initializer)
            { //base.Initialize(initializer);
            }
            public override void ProcessMessage(SoapMessage message)
            { // 检查请求头Content-Type是否为"application/xml"
                try
                { switch (message.Stage)
                    { case SoapMessageStage.BeforeDeserialize:
                            if (message is SoapServerMessage serverMessage && serverMessage.ContentType.Contains("application/xml"))
                            { // 设置响应头Content-Type为"application/xml"
                                serverMessage.ContentType = "text/xml";
                            }
                            break;
                        case SoapMessageStage.BeforeSerialize:
                            break;
                        case SoapMessageStage.AfterSerialize:
                            break;
                        case SoapMessageStage.AfterDeserialize:
                            // 在反序列化之后进行处理（响应阶段）
                            break;
                        default:
                            break;
                    }
                    
                }
                catch(Exception exp)
                { }
            }
        }
        namespace ESB
        { /// 
         /// WebService 的摘要说明
            /// 
         [WebService(Namespace = "http://esb.webservice")]
            [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
            [System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]
            // 若要允许使用 ASP.NET AJAX 从脚本中调用此 Web 服务，请取消注释以下行。 
            [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
            public class WebService : System.Web.Services.WebService
            { public override object GetService(Type service)
                { return base.GetService(service);
                }
                public WebService()
                { //this.Application.sa
                    this.Context.Request.ContentType = "application/xml";
                }
                [WebMethod(Description = "调用业务")]
                [ESBSoapExtension(Priority =1)]
                public string callBussiness(string message)
                { try
                    { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
                        { message = WebServiceAnalysis(base.Context.Request, nameof(message));
                        }
                        return message;
                    }
                    catch (Exception exp)
                    { return exp.Message;
                    }
                }
                /// 
         /// 重新解析 WebService
                /// 
         ///  ///  ///  private string WebServiceAnalysis(System.Web.HttpRequest request, string name)
                { try
                    { if (request.ContentLength == 0)
                        { throw new Exception($"Body(xml数据) 无数据");
                        }
                        // 获取请求内容
                        Stream inputStream = request.InputStream;
                        // 重新获取内容
                        inputStream.Position = 0;
                        // 读取请求主体内容
                        using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(inputStream, Encoding.UTF8))
                        { string requestBody = reader.ReadToEnd();
                            XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
                            xmlDoc.LoadXml(requestBody);
                            XmlNode strNode = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode($"//{name}");
                            if (strNode != null)
                            { return strNode.InnerText;
                            }
                            else
                            { throw new Exception($"未在Body(xml数据)找到{name}节点");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception exp)
                    { throw exp;
                    }
                }
            }
        }