【Flink状态管理(六)】Checkpoint的触发方式(1)通过CheckpointCoordinator触发算子的Checkpoint操作

文章目录

  • 一. 启动CheckpointCoordinator
  • 二. 开启CheckpointScheduler线程
  • 三. 触发Checkpoint
    • 1. Checkpoint执行前的工作
    • 2. 创建PendingCheckpoint
    • 3. Checkpoint的触发与执行
    • 四. Task节点的Checkpoint操作
      • 1. 触发准备
      • 2. 调用TaskExecutor执行Checkpoint操作
      • 五. 在StreamTask中执行Checkpoint操作

        Checkpoint的触发方式有两种

        • 一种是数据源节点中的Checkpoint操作触发,通过CheckpointCoordinator组件进行协调和控制。 CheckpointCoordinator通过注册定时器的方式按照配置的时间间隔触发数据源节点的Checkpoint操作。数据源节点会向下游算子发出Checkpoint Barrier事件,供下游节点使用。
        • 另一种是下游算子节点根据上游发送的Checkpoint Barrier事件控制算子中Checkpoint操作的触发时机,即只有接收到所有上游Barrier事件后,才会触发本节点的Checkpoint操作。

        本文先介绍通过CheckpointCoordinator触发算子的Checkpoint操作

        CheckpointCoordinator在整个作业中扮演了Checkpoint协调者的角色,负责在数据源节点触发Checkpoint以及整个作业的Checkpoint管理,并且CheckpointCoordinator组件会接收TaskMananger在Checkpoint执行完成后返回的Ack消息。

         

        一. 启动CheckpointCoordinator

        当作业的JobStatus转换为Running时,通知CheckpointCoordinatorDeActivator监听器启动CheckpointCoordinator服务。

        如代码CheckpointCoordinatorDeActivator.jobStatusChanges()方法主要包含如下逻辑。

        > 1. 当`newJobStatus == JobStatus.RUNNING`时,立即调用
        > coordinator.startCheckpointScheduler()方法启动整个Job的调度器
        > CheckpointCoordinator,此时Checkpoint的触发依靠CheckpointCoordinator进行协调。
        > > 2. 当JobStatus为其他类型状态时,调用coordinator.stopCheckpointScheduler()方法,
        > 停止当前Job中的Checkpoint操作。
        public class CheckpointCoordinatorDeActivator implements JobStatusListener { private final CheckpointCoordinator coordinator;
           public CheckpointCoordinatorDeActivator(CheckpointCoordinator coordinator) { this.coordinator = checkNotNull(coordinator);
           }
           @Override
           public void jobStatusChanges(JobID jobId,JobStatus newJobStatus, long timestamp,
                                      Throwable error) { if (newJobStatus == JobStatus.RUNNING) { // 启动Checkpoint调度程序
                 coordinator.startCheckpointScheduler();
              } else { // 直接停止CheckpointScheduler
                 coordinator.stopCheckpointScheduler();
              }
           }
        }
        

         

        二. 开启CheckpointScheduler线程

        接下来在CheckpointCoordinator.startCheckpointScheduler()方法中调用scheduleTriggerWithDelay()方法进行后续操作,向创建好的checkpointCoordinatorTimer线程池添加定时调度执行的Runnable线程。

        如代码所示:

        在CheckpointCoordinator.scheduleTriggerWithDelay()方法中指定baseInterval参数,设定执行Checkpoint操作的时间间隔,通过定时器周期性地触发ScheduledTrigger线程,Checkpoint的具体操作在ScheduledTrigger线程中实现。

        private ScheduledFuture scheduleTriggerWithDelay(long initDelay) { return timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(
              new ScheduledTrigger(),
              initDelay, baseInterval, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        }
        

         

        三. 触发Checkpoint

        如代码,ScheduledTrigger也是CheckpointCoordinator的内部类,实现了Runnable接口。在ScheduledTrigger.run()方法中调用了CheckpointCoordinator.triggerCheckpoint()方法触发和执行Checkpoint操作。

        private final class ScheduledTrigger implements Runnable { @Override
           public void run() { try { // 调用triggerCheckpoint()方法触发Checkpoint操作
                 triggerCheckpoint(System.currentTimeMillis(), true);
              }
              catch (Exception e) { LOG.error("Exception while triggering checkpoint for job {}.", job, e);
              }
           }
        }
        

        CheckpointCoordinator.triggerCheckpoint()方法包含的执行逻辑非常多,这里重点介绍其中的主要逻辑。根据CheckpointCoordinator触发Checkpoint操作的过程分为以下几个部分。

        1. Checkpoint执行前的工作

        1. 首先检查Checkpoint的执行环境和参数,满足条件后触发执行Checkpoint操作。Checkpoint执行过程分为异步和同步两种:

        调用preCheckBeforeTriggeringCheckpoint()方法进行一些前置检查,主要包括检查CheckpointCoordinator当前的状态是否为shutdown、Checkpoint尝试次数是否超过配置的最大值。

        1. 构建执行和触发Checkpoint操作对应的Task节点实例的Execution集合,其中tasksToTrigger数组中存储了触发Checkpoint操作的ExecutionVertex元素,实际上就是所有的数据源节点。

        CheckpointCoordinator仅会触发数据源节点的Checkpoint操作,其他节点则是通过Barrier对齐的方式触发的。

        1. 构建需要发送Ack消息的ExecutionVertex集合,主要是从tasksToWaitFor集合中转换而来。

        tasksToWaitFor中存储了ExecutonGraph中所有的ExecutionVertex,也就是说每个ExecutionVertex节点对应的Task实例都需要向CheckpointCoordinator中汇报Ack消息。

        // 主要做前置检查
           synchronized (lock) { preCheckBeforeTriggeringCheckpoint(isPeriodic, props.forceCheckpoint());
           }
           // 创建需要执行的Task对应的Execution集合
          Execution[] executions = new Execution[tasksToTrigger.length];
           // 遍历tasksToTrigger集合,构建Execution集合
           for (int i = 0; i < tasksToTrigger.length; i++) { //获取Task对应的Execution集合
              Execution ee = tasksToTrigger[i].getCurrentExecutionAttempt();
              if (ee == null) { // 如果Task对应的Execution集合为空,代表Task没有被执行,则抛出异常
                 LOG.info("Checkpoint triggering task {} of job {} is not being 
                    executed at the moment. Aborting checkpoint.", tasksToTrigger[i].
                    getTaskNameWithSubtaskIndex(), job);
                 throw new CheckpointException(
                    CheckpointFailureReason.NOT_ALL_REQUIRED_TASKS_RUNNING);
              } else if (ee.getState() == ExecutionState.RUNNING) { // 如果ExecutionState为RUNNING,则添加到executions集合中
              executions[i] = ee;
              } else { // 如果其他ExecutionState不为RUNNING,则抛出异常
                 LOG.info("Checkpoint triggering task {} of job {} is not in state {} 
                   but {} instead. Aborting checkpoint.",
                     tasksToTrigger[i].getTaskNameWithSubtaskIndex(),
                     job,
                     ExecutionState.RUNNING,
                     ee.getState());
                 throw new CheckpointException(
                    CheckpointFailureReason.NOT_ALL_REQUIRED_TASKS_RUNNING);
              }
           }
           // 组装用于需要发送Ack消息的Task集合
           Map ackTasks = 
              new HashMap<>(tasksToWaitFor.length);
           for (ExecutionVertex ev : tasksToWaitFor) { Execution ee = ev.getCurrentExecutionAttempt();
              if (ee != null) { ackTasks.put(ee.getAttemptId(), ev);
              } else { LOG.info("Checkpoint acknowledging task {} of job {} is not being 
                    executed at the moment. Aborting checkpoint.", ev.getTaskNameWith
                       SubtaskIndex(), job);
                 throw new CheckpointException(
                    CheckpointFailureReason.NOT_ALL_REQUIRED_TASKS_RUNNING);
              }
        }
        

         

        2. 创建PendingCheckpoint

        在执行Checkpoint操作之前,需要构建PendingCheckpoint对象,从字面意思上讲就是挂起Checkpoint操作。

        从开始执行Checkpoint操作直到Task实例返回Ack确认成功消息,Checkpoint会一直处于Pending状态,确保Checkpoint能被成功执行。

        如代码逻辑:

        1. Checkpoint有唯一的checkpointID标记,根据高可用模式选择不同的计数器。

        如果基于ZooKeeper实现了高可用集群,会调用ZooKeeperCheckpointIDCounter实现checkpointID计数;如果是非高可用集群,则会通过StandaloneCheckpointIDCounter完成checkpointID计数。

        1. 创建checkpointStorageLocation,用于定义Checkpoint过程中状态快照数据存放的位置。

        checkpointStorageLocation通过checkpointStorage创建和初始化,不同的checkpointStorage实现创建的checkpointStorageLocation会有所不同。

        1. 创建PendingCheckpoint对象。

        包括checkpointID、ackTasks以及checkpointStorageLocation等参数信息。将创建好的PendingCheckpoint存储在pendingCheckpoints集合中,并异步执行PendingCheckpoint操作。

        final CheckpointStorageLocation checkpointStorageLocation;
        final long checkpointID;
        try { //通过checkpointIdCounter获取checkpointID
           checkpointID = checkpointIdCounter.getAndIncrement();
              // 获取checkpointStorageLocation
           checkpointStorageLocation = props.isSavepoint() ?
                 checkpointStorage
              .initializeLocationForSavepoint(checkpointID, externalSavepointLocation) :
                 checkpointStorage.initializeLocationForCheckpoint(checkpointID);
        }
        // 省略部分代码
        // 创建PendingCheckpoint对象
        final PendingCheckpoint checkpoint = new PendingCheckpoint(
           job,
           checkpointID,
           timestamp,
           ackTasks,
           masterHooks.keySet(),
           props,
           checkpointStorageLocation,
           executor);
        

         

        3. Checkpoint的触发与执行

        在CheckpointCoordinator.triggerCheckpoint()方法中,会在synchronized(lock)模块内定义和执行Checkpoint操作的具体逻辑,主要包含如下步骤。

        1. 获取coordinator对象锁,对TriggeringCheckpoint对象进行预检查,主要包括检查CheckpointCoordinator状态和PendingCheckpoint尝试次数等。

        2. 将PendingCheckpoint存储在pendingCheckpoints键值对中,使用定时器创建cancellerHandle对象,cancellerHandle用于清理过期的Checkpoint操作。

        通过checkpoint.setCancellerHandle()方法设置Checkpoint的CancellerHandle,设置成功则返回True,如果失败则返回false,说明当前Checkpoint已经被释放。

        1. 调用并执行MasterHook。可以通过实现MasterHook函数,准备外部系统环境或触发相应的系统操作。

        2. 遍历执行executions集合中的Execution节点,判断props.isSynchronous()方法是否为True,如果为True则调用triggerSynchronousSavepoint()方法同步执行Checkpoint操作。

          其他情况则调用triggerCheckpoint()方法异步执行Checkpoint操作。

        // 获取coordinator-wide lock
        synchronized (lock) { // TriggeringCheckpoint检查
           preCheckBeforeTriggeringCheckpoint(isPeriodic, props.forceCheckpoint());
           LOG.info("Triggering checkpoint {} @ {} for job {}.", checkpointID, timestamp, 
              job);
              // 将checkpoint存储在pendingCheckpoints KV集合中
           pendingCheckpoints.put(checkpointID, checkpoint);
              // 调度canceller线程,清理过期的Checkpoint对象
           ScheduledFuture cancellerHandle = timer.schedule(
                 canceller,
                 checkpointTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
              // 确定Checkpoint是否已经被释放
           if (!checkpoint.setCancellerHandle(cancellerHandle)) { cancellerHandle.cancel(false);
           }
           // 调用MasterHook方法
           for (MasterTriggerRestoreHook masterHook : masterHooks.values()) { final MasterState masterState =
                 MasterHooks.triggerHook(masterHook, checkpointID, timestamp, executor)
                    .get(checkpointTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
              checkpoint.acknowledgeMasterState(masterHook.getIdentifier(), masterState);
           }
           Preconditions.checkState(checkpoint.areMasterStatesFullyAcknowledged());
        }
        // 创建CheckpointOptions
        final CheckpointOptions checkpointOptions = new CheckpointOptions(
              props.getCheckpointType(),
              checkpointStorageLocation.getLocationReference());
        // 分别执行executions中的Execution节点
        for (Execution execution: executions) { if (props.isSynchronous()) { // 如果是同步执行,则调用triggerSynchronousSavepoint()方法
              execution.triggerSynchronousSavepoint(checkpointID, timestamp, 
                                                    checkpointOptions,
                                                    advanceToEndOfTime);
           } else { // 其他情况则调用triggerCheckpoint()异步方法执行
              execution.triggerCheckpoint(checkpointID, timestamp, checkpointOptions);
           }
        }
        // 返回Checkpoint中的CompletionFuture对象
        numUnsuccessfulCheckpointsTriggers.set(0);
        return checkpoint.getCompletionFuture();
        

        以上就完成了在CheckpointCoordinator中触发Checkpoint的全部操作,具体的执行过程调用Execution完成。

         

        四. Task节点的Checkpoint操作

        在Execution.triggerCheckpoint()方法中实际上调用triggerCheckpointHelper()方法完成Execution对应的Task节点的Checkpoint操作,并通过Task实例触发数据源节点的Checkpoint操作,如代码所示。

        1. 触发准备

        1. 获取当前Execution分配的LogicalSlot,如果LogicalSlot不为空,说明Execution成功分配到Slot计算资源,否则说明Execution中没有资源,Execution对应的Task实例不会被执行和启动。

        2. 调用TaskManagerGateway.triggerCheckpoint()的RPC方法,触发和执行指定Task的Checkpoint操作。

        3. TaskExecutor收到来自CheckpointCoordinator的Checkpoint触发请求后,会在TaskExecutor实例中完成对应Task实例的Checkpoint操作。

        private void triggerCheckpointHelper(long checkpointId, 
                                             long timestamp, 
                                             CheckpointOptions checkpointOptions, 
                                             boolean advanceToEndOfEventTime) { final CheckpointType checkpointType = checkpointOptions.getCheckpointType();
           if (advanceToEndOfEventTime 
               && !(checkpointType.isSynchronous() && checkpointType.isSavepoint())) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only synchronous savepoints are 
                 allowed to advance the watermark to MAX.");
           }
              // 获取当前Execution分配的LogicalSlot资源
           final LogicalSlot slot = assignedResource;
           // 如果LogicalSlot不为空,说明Execution运行正常
           if (slot != null) { // 通过slot获取TaskManagerGateway对象
              final TaskManagerGateway taskManagerGateway = slot.getTaskManagerGateway();
                    // 调用triggerCheckpoint()方法
              taskManagerGateway.triggerCheckpoint(attemptId, getVertex().getJobId(), 
                                                   checkpointId, timestamp, 
                                                   checkpointOptions,
                                                   advanceToEndOfEventTime);
           } else { // 否则说明Execution中没有资源,不再执行Execution对应的Task实例
              LOG.debug("The execution has no slot assigned. This indicates that the 
              execution is no longer running.");
           }
        }
        

         

        2. 调用TaskExecutor执行Checkpoint操作

        TaskExecutor接收到来自CheckpointCoordinator的Checkpoint触发请求后,立即根据Execution信息确认Task实例线程,并且调用Task实例触发和执行数据源节点的Checkpoint操作。如代码,TaskExecutor.triggerCheckpoint()方法逻辑如下。

        1. 检查CheckpointType的类型,CheckpointType共有三种类型,分别为CHECKPOINT、SAVEPOINT和SYNC_SAVEPOINT,且只有在同步Savepoints操作时才能调整Watermark为MAX。

        2. 从taskSlotTable中获取Execution对应的Task实例,如果Task实例不为空,则调用task.triggerCheckpointBarrier()方法执行Task实例中的Checkpoint操作。

        3. 如果Task实例为空,说明Task目前处于异常,无法执行Checkpoint操作。此时调用FutureUtils.completedExceptionally()方法,并封装CheckpointException异常信息,返回给管理节点的CheckpointCoordinator进行处理。

        public CompletableFuture triggerCheckpoint(
              ExecutionAttemptID executionAttemptID,
              long checkpointId,
              long checkpointTimestamp,
              CheckpointOptions checkpointOptions,
              boolean advanceToEndOfEventTime) { log.debug("Trigger checkpoint {}@{} for {}.", checkpointId, 
              checkpointTimestamp, executionAttemptID);
              //检查CheckpointType,确保只有同步的savepoint操作才能将Watermark调整为MAX
           final CheckpointType checkpointType = checkpointOptions.getCheckpointType();
           if (advanceToEndOfEventTime && !(checkpointType.isSynchronous() && 
               checkpointType.isSavepoint())) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only synchronous savepoints are 
                 allowed to advance the watermark to MAX.");
           }
              // 从taskSlotTable中获取当前Execution对应的Task
           final Task task = taskSlotTable.getTask(executionAttemptID);
           // 如果task不为空,则调用triggerCheckpointBarrier()方法
           if (task != null) { task.triggerCheckpointBarrier(checkpointId, checkpointTimestamp, 
                 checkpointOptions, advanceToEndOfEventTime);
           // 返回CompletableFuture对象
              return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(Acknowledge.get());
           } else { final String message = "TaskManager received a checkpoint request for 
                 unknown task " + executionAttemptID + '.';
              // 如果task为空,则返回CheckpointException异常
              log.debug(message);
              return FutureUtils.completedExceptionally(
                  new CheckpointException(message,
        CheckpointFailureReason.TASK_CHECKPOINT_FAILURE));
           }
        }
        

         

        五. 在StreamTask中执行Checkpoint操作

        在执行Task.triggerCheckpointBarrier()方法时,会借助AbstractInvokable中提供的triggerCheckpointAsync()方法触发并执行StreamTask中的Checkpoint操作。

        public Future triggerCheckpointAsync(
              CheckpointMetaData checkpointMetaData,
              CheckpointOptions checkpointOptions,
              boolean advanceToEndOfEventTime) { // 异步提交Checkpoint操作
           return mailboxProcessor.getMainMailboxExecutor().submit(    
              () -> triggerCheckpoint(checkpointMetaData, 
                                      checkpointOptions, advanceToEndOfEventTime),
              "checkpoint %s with %s",
              checkpointMetaData,
              checkpointOptions);
        }
        

        StreamTask.triggerCheckpoint()方法主要逻辑如下。

        1. 调用StreamTask.performCheckpoint()方法执行Checkpoint并返回success信息,用于判断Checkpoint操作是否成功执行。
        2. 如果success信息为False,表明Checkpoint操作没有成功执行,此时调用declineCheckpoint()方法回退。
        boolean success = performCheckpoint(checkpointMetaData, checkpointOptions, 
                                            checkpointMetrics, advanceToEndOfEventTime);
        if (!success) { declineCheckpoint(checkpointMetaData.getCheckpointId());
        }
        return success;
        

        在StreamTask.performCheckpoint()方法中,主要执行了Task实例的Checkpoint操作,该方法除了会通过CheckpointCoordinator触发之外,在下游算子通过CheckpointBarrier对齐触发Checkpoint操作时,也会调用该方法执行具体Task的Checkpoint操作。

         

        下篇我们继续看CheckpointBarrier对齐触发Checkpoint的流程,了解StreamTask中performCheckpoint()方法如何执行Checkpoint操作,实现状态数据快照与持久化操作。

         

        参考:《Flink设计与实现:核心原理与源码解析》–张利兵