Flink的单元测试介绍及示例

本文详细的介绍了Flink的单元测试,分为有状态、无状态以及作业的测试,特别是针对无状态的单元测试给出了常见的使用示例。

  本文除了maven依赖外,没有其他依赖。

  一、Flink测试概述

  Apache Flink 同样提供了在测试金字塔的多个级别上测试应用程序代码的工具。

  本文示例的maven依赖:

  UTF-8  UTF-8  1.8  1.8  1.8  2.12  1.17.0        org.apache.flink  flink-clients  ${flink.version}  provided      org.apache.flink  flink-java  ${flink.version}  provided      org.apache.flink  flink-streaming-java  ${flink.version}  provided      org.apache.flink  flink-csv  ${flink.version}  provided      org.apache.flink  flink-json  ${flink.version}  provided      junit  junit  4.13      org.mockito  mockito-core  4.0.0  test    

 

二、测试用户自定义函数

  可以假设 Flink 在用户自定义函数之外产生了正确的结果。因此,建议尽可能多的用单元测试来测试那些包含主要业务逻辑的类。

  1、单元测试无状态、无时间限制的 UDF

  1)、示例-mapFunction

  以下无状态的 MapFunction 为例:

public class IncrementMapFunction implements MapFunction {
  @Override
  public Long map(Long record) throws Exception {
  return record + 1;
  }
  }

  通过传递合适地参数并验证输出,可以很容易的使用你喜欢的测试框架对这样的函数进行单元测试。

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
  import org.junit.Test;
  /**
   * @author alanchan
   *
   */
  public class TestDemo {
  public class IncrementMapFunction implements MapFunction {
  @Override
  public Long map(Long record) throws Exception {
  return record + 1;
  }
  }
  @Test
  public void testIncrement() throws Exception {
  IncrementMapFunction incrementer = new IncrementMapFunction();
  assertEquals((Long) 3L, incrementer.map(2L));
  }
  }

2)、示例-flatMapFunction

  对于使用 org.apache.flink.util.Collector 的用户自定义函数(例如FlatMapFunction 或者 ProcessFunction),可以通过提供模拟对象而不是真正的 collector 来轻松测试。具有与 IncrementMapFunction 相同功能的 FlatMapFunction 可以按照以下方式进行单元测试。

 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
  import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.FlatMapFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
  import org.junit.Test;
  import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
  import org.mockito.Mockito;
  import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
  /**
   * @author alanchan
   *
   */
  @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
  public class TestDemo2 {
  public static class IncrementFlatMapFunction implements FlatMapFunction {
  @Override
  public void flatMap(String value, Collector out) throws Exception {
  Long sum = 0L;
  for (String num : value.split(",")) {
  sum += Long.valueOf(num);
  }
  out.collect(sum);
  }
  }
  @Test
  public void testSum() throws Exception {
  IncrementFlatMapFunction incrementer = new IncrementFlatMapFunction();
  Collector collector = mock(Collector.class);
  incrementer.flatMap("1,2,3,4,5", collector);
  Mockito.verify(collector, times(1)).collect(15L);
  }
  }

  2、对有状态或及时 UDF 和自定义算子进行单元测试

  对使用管理状态或定时器的用户自定义函数的功能测试会更加困难,因为它涉及到测试用户代码和 Flink 运行时的交互。 为此,Flink 提供了一组所谓的测试工具,可用于测试用户自定义函数和自定义算子:

  ·OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness (适用于 DataStream 上的算子)

  · KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness (适用于 KeyedStream 上的算子)

  · TwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness (f适用于两个 DataStream 的 ConnectedStreams 算子)

  · KeyedTwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness (适用于两个 KeyedStream 上的 ConnectedStreams 算子)

  要使用测试工具,还需要一组其他的依赖项,比如DataStream和TableAPI的依赖。

  1)、DataStream API 测试依赖

  如果要为使用 DataStream API 构建的作业开发测试用例,则需要添加以下依赖项:

   org.apache.flink      flink-test-utils   1.17.2   test  

 

 在各种测试实用程序中,该模块提供了 MiniCluster (一个可配置的轻量级 Flink 集群,能在 JUnit 测试中运行),可以直接执行作业。

  2)、Table API 测试依赖

  如果您想在您的 IDE 中本地测试 Table API 和 SQL 程序,除了前述提到的 flink-test-utils 之外,您还要添加以下依赖项:

    org.apache.flink      flink-table-test-utils   1.17.2   test  

这将自动引入查询计划器和运行时,分别用于计划和执行查询。

  flink-table-test-utils 模块已在 Flink 1.15 中引入,截至Flink 1.17版本被认为是实验性的。

  3)、flatmap function 单元测试

  现在,可以使用测试工具将记录和 watermark 推送到用户自定义函数或自定义算子中,控制处理时间,最后对算子的输出(包括旁路输出)进行校验。

  示例如下:

/*
   * @Author: alanchan
   * @LastEditors: alanchan
   * @Description: 单元测试flatmap,如果是偶数则存储原值及平方数
   */
  import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.FlatMapFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.StreamFlatMap;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.watermark.Watermark;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.streamrecord.StreamRecord;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.TestHarnessUtil;
  import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
  import org.junit.Before;
  import org.junit.Test;
  public class TestStatefulFlatMapDemo3 {
      static class AlanFlatMapFunction implements FlatMapFunction {
          @Override
          public void flatMap(Integer value, Collector out) throws Exception {
              if (value % 2 == 0) {
                  out.collect(value);
                  out.collect(value * value);
              }
          }
      }
      OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness testHarness;
      @Before
      public void setupTestHarness() throws Exception {
          StreamFlatMap operator = new StreamFlatMap(new AlanFlatMapFunction());
          testHarness = new OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness(operator);
          testHarness.open();
      }
      @Test
      public void testFlatMap2() throws Exception {
          long initialTime = 0L;
          ConcurrentLinkedQueue expectedOutput = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue();
          testHarness.processElement(new StreamRecord(1, initialTime + 1));
          testHarness.processElement(new StreamRecord(2, initialTime + 2));
          testHarness.processWatermark(new Watermark(initialTime + 2));
          testHarness.processElement(new StreamRecord(3, initialTime + 3));
          testHarness.processElement(new StreamRecord(4, initialTime + 4));
          testHarness.processElement(new StreamRecord(5, initialTime + 5));
          testHarness.processElement(new StreamRecord(6, initialTime + 6));
          testHarness.processElement(new StreamRecord(7, initialTime + 7));
          testHarness.processElement(new StreamRecord(8, initialTime + 8));
          expectedOutput.add(new StreamRecord(2, initialTime + 2));
          expectedOutput.add(new StreamRecord(4, initialTime + 2));
          expectedOutput.add(new Watermark(initialTime + 2));
          expectedOutput.add(new StreamRecord(4, initialTime + 4));
          expectedOutput.add(new StreamRecord(16, initialTime + 4));
          expectedOutput.add(new StreamRecord(6, initialTime + 6));
          expectedOutput.add(new StreamRecord(36, initialTime + 6));
          expectedOutput.add(new StreamRecord(8, initialTime + 8));
          expectedOutput.add(new StreamRecord(64, initialTime + 8));
          TestHarnessUtil.assertOutputEquals("输出结果", expectedOutput, testHarness.getOutput());
      }
  } 

 KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness 和 KeyedTwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness 可以通过为键的类另外提供一个包含 TypeInformation 的 KeySelector 来实例化。

  示例如下:

 /*
   * @Author: alanchan
   * @LastEditors: alanchan
   * @Description: 按照城市分类,并将城市缩写变成大写
   */
  import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.RichFlatMapFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ValueState;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ValueStateDescriptor;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.Types;
  import org.apache.flink.api.java.functions.KeySelector;
  import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.StreamFlatMap;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.streamrecord.StreamRecord;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
  import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
  import org.junit.Assert;
  import org.junit.Before;
  import org.junit.Test;
  import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
  import lombok.Data;
  import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
  public class TestStatefulFlatMapDemo2 {
      @Data
      @NoArgsConstructor
      @AllArgsConstructor
      static class User {
          private int id;
          private String name;
          private int age;
          private String city;
      }
      static class AlanFlatMapFunction extends RichFlatMapFunction {
          // The state is only accessible by functions applied on a {@code KeyedStream}
          ValueState previousInput;
          @Override
          public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
              super.open(parameters);
              previousInput = getRuntimeContext()
                      .getState(new ValueStateDescriptor("previousInput", User.class));
          }
          @Override
          public void flatMap(User input, Collector out) throws Exception {
              previousInput.update(input);
              input.setCity(input.getCity().toUpperCase());
              out.collect(input);
          }
      }
      AlanFlatMapFunction alanFlatMapFunction = new AlanFlatMapFunction();
      OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness testHarness;
      @Before
      public void setupTestHarness() throws Exception {
          alanFlatMapFunction = new AlanFlatMapFunction();
          testHarness = new KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness<>(new StreamFlatMap<>(alanFlatMapFunction),
                  new KeySelector() {
                      @Override
                      public String getKey(User value) throws Exception {
                          return value.getCity();
                      }
                  }, Types.STRING);
          
          testHarness.open();
      }
      @Test
      public void testFlatMap() throws Exception {
          testHarness.processElement(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh"), 10);
          ValueState previousInput = alanFlatMapFunction.getRuntimeContext().getState(
                  new ValueStateDescriptor<>("previousInput", User.class));
          User stateValue = previousInput.value();
          Assert.assertEquals(
                  Lists.newArrayList(new StreamRecord<>(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh".toUpperCase()), 10)),
                  testHarness.extractOutputStreamRecords());
          Assert.assertEquals(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh".toUpperCase()), stateValue);
          testHarness.processElement(new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj"), 10000);
          Assert.assertEquals(
                  Lists.newArrayList(
                          new StreamRecord<>(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh".toUpperCase()), 10),
                          new StreamRecord<>(new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj".toUpperCase()), 10000)),
                  testHarness.extractOutputStreamRecords());
          Assert.assertEquals(new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj".toUpperCase()), previousInput.value());
      }
  }

 4)、Process Function 单元测试

  除了之前可以直接用于测试 ProcessFunction 的测试工具之外,Flink 还提供了一个名为 ProcessFunctionTestHarnesses 的测试工具工厂类,可以简化测试工具的实例化。

  ·OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness示例

import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.Types;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.KeyedProcessFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.KeyedProcessOperator;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.streamrecord.StreamRecord;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
  import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
  import org.junit.Assert;
  import org.junit.Before;
  import org.junit.Test;
  /*
   * @Author: alanchan
   * @LastEditors: alanchan
   * @Description: 
   */
  public class TestProcessOperatorDemo1 {
      // public abstract class KeyedProcessFunction      static class AlanProcessFunction extends KeyedProcessFunction {
          @Override
          public void processElement(String value, KeyedProcessFunction.Context ctx,
                  Collector out) throws Exception {
              ctx.timerService().registerProcessingTimeTimer(50);
              out.collect("vx->" + value);
          }
          @Override
          public void onTimer(long timestamp, OnTimerContext ctx, Collector out) throws Exception {
              // 到达时间点触发事件操作
              out.collect(String.format("定时器在 %d 被触发", timestamp));
          }
      }
      private OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness testHarness;
      private AlanProcessFunction processFunction;
      @Before
      public void setupTestHarness() throws Exception {
          processFunction = new AlanProcessFunction();
          testHarness = new KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness<>(
                  new KeyedProcessOperator<>(processFunction),
                  x -> "1",
                  Types.STRING);
          // Function time is initialized to 0
          testHarness.open();
      }
      @Test
      public void testProcessElement() throws Exception {
          testHarness.processElement("alanchanchn", 10);
          Assert.assertEquals(
                  Lists.newArrayList(
                          new StreamRecord<>("vx->alanchanchn", 10)),
                  testHarness.extractOutputStreamRecords());
      }
      @Test
      public void testOnTimer() throws Exception {
          // test first record
          testHarness.processElement("alanchanchn", 10);
          Assert.assertEquals(1, testHarness.numProcessingTimeTimers());
          // Function time 设置为 100
          testHarness.setProcessingTime(100);
          Assert.assertEquals(
                  Lists.newArrayList(
                          new StreamRecord<>("vx->alanchanchn", 10),
                          new StreamRecord<>("定时器在 100 被触发")),
                  testHarness.extractOutputStreamRecords());
      }
  }

·ProcessFunctionTestHarnesses示例:

  本示例通过ProcessFunctionTestHarnesses验证了ProcessFunction、KeyedProcessFunction、CoProcessFunction、KeyedCoProcessFunction和BroadcastProcessFunction,基本完成了覆盖。

 import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.MapStateDescriptor;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ReadOnlyBroadcastState;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.BasicTypeInfo;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeInformation;
  import org.apache.flink.api.java.functions.KeySelector;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.KeyedProcessFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.ProcessFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.co.BroadcastProcessFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.co.CoProcessFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.co.KeyedCoProcessFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.BroadcastOperatorTestHarness;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.KeyedTwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.ProcessFunctionTestHarnesses;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.TwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
  import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
  import org.junit.Assert;
  import org.junit.Test;
  import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
  import lombok.Data;
  import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
  /*
   * @Author: alanchan
   * 
   * @LastEditors: alanchan
   * 
   * @Description:
   */
  public class TestProcessOperatorDemo3 {
      @Data
      @NoArgsConstructor
      @AllArgsConstructor
      static class User {
          private int id;
          private String name;
          private int age;
          private String city;
      }
      // 测试ProcessFunction 的 processElement
      @Test
      public void testProcessFunction() throws Exception {
          // public abstract class ProcessFunction          ProcessFunction function = new ProcessFunction() {
              @Override
              public void processElement(
                      String value, Context ctx, Collector out) throws Exception {
                  out.collect("vx->" + value);
              }
          };
          OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness harness = ProcessFunctionTestHarnesses
                  .forProcessFunction(function);
          harness.processElement("alanchanchn", 10);
          Assert.assertEquals(harness.extractOutputValues(), Collections.singletonList("vx->alanchanchn"));
      }
      // 测试KeyedProcessFunction 的 processElement
      @Test
      public void testKeyedProcessFunction() throws Exception {
          // public abstract class KeyedProcessFunction          KeyedProcessFunction function = new KeyedProcessFunction() {
              @Override
              public void processElement(String value, KeyedProcessFunction.Context ctx,
                      Collector out) throws Exception {
                  out.collect("vx->" + value);
              }
          };
          OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness harness = ProcessFunctionTestHarnesses
                  .forKeyedProcessFunction(function, x -> "name", BasicTypeInfo.STRING_TYPE_INFO);
          harness.processElement("alanchan", 10);
          Assert.assertEquals(harness.extractOutputValues(), Collections.singletonList(1));
      }
      // 测试CoProcessFunction 的 processElement1、processElement2
      @Test
      public void testCoProcessFunction() throws Exception {
          // public abstract class CoProcessFunction          CoProcessFunction function = new CoProcessFunction() {
              @Override
              public void processElement1(String value, CoProcessFunction.Context ctx,
                      Collector out) throws Exception {
                  String[] userStr = value.split(",");
                  out.collect(
                          new User(Integer.parseInt(userStr[0]), userStr[1], Integer.parseInt(userStr[2]), userStr[3]));
              }
              @Override
              public void processElement2(User value, CoProcessFunction.Context ctx,
                      Collector out) throws Exception {
                  out.collect(value);
              }
          };
          TwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness harness = ProcessFunctionTestHarnesses
                  .forCoProcessFunction(function);
          harness.processElement2(new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj"), 100);
          harness.processElement1("1,alanchan,18,sh", 10);
          Assert.assertEquals(harness.extractOutputValues(),
                  Arrays.asList(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh"), new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj")));
      }
      // 测试KeyedCoProcessFunction 的 processElement1和processElement2
      @Test
      public void testKeyedCoProcessFunction() throws Exception {
          // public abstract class KeyedCoProcessFunction          KeyedCoProcessFunction function = new KeyedCoProcessFunction() {
              @Override
              public void processElement1(String value, KeyedCoProcessFunction.Context ctx,
                      Collector out) throws Exception {
                  String[] userStr = value.split(",");
                  out.collect(
                          new User(Integer.parseInt(userStr[0]), userStr[1], Integer.parseInt(userStr[2]), userStr[3]));
              }
              @Override
              public void processElement2(User value, KeyedCoProcessFunction.Context ctx,
                      Collector out) throws Exception {
                  out.collect(value);
              }
          };
          // public static           // KeyedTwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness          // forKeyedCoProcessFunction(
          // KeyedCoProcessFunction function,
          // KeySelector keySelector1,
          // KeySelector keySelector2,
          // TypeInformation keyType)
          KeyedTwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness harness = ProcessFunctionTestHarnesses
                  .forKeyedCoProcessFunction(function, new KeySelector() {
                      @Override
                      public String getKey(String value) throws Exception {
                          return value.split(",")[3];
                      }
                  }, new KeySelector() {
                      @Override
                      public String getKey(User value) throws Exception {
                          return value.getCity();
                      }
                  }, TypeInformation.of(String.class));
          harness.processElement2(new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj"), 100);
          harness.processElement1("1,alanchan,18,sh", 10);
          Assert.assertEquals(harness.extractOutputValues(),
                  Arrays.asList(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh"), new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj")));
      }
      // 测试 BroadcastProcessFunction 的 processElement 和 processBroadcastElement
      @Test
      public void testBroadcastOperator() throws Exception {
          // 定义广播
          // 数据格式:
          // sh,上海
          // bj,北京
          // public class MapStateDescriptor          MapStateDescriptor broadcastDesc = new MapStateDescriptor("Alan_RulesBroadcastState",
                  String.class,
                  String.class);
          // public abstract class BroadcastProcessFunction          // * @param  The input type of the non-broadcast side.
          // * @param  The input type of the broadcast side.
          // * @param  The output type of the operator.
          BroadcastProcessFunction function = new BroadcastProcessFunction() {
              // 负责处理广播流的元素
              @Override
              public void processBroadcastElement(String value, BroadcastProcessFunction.Context ctx,
                      Collector out) throws Exception {
                  System.out.println("收到广播数据:" + value);
                  // 得到广播流的存储状态
                  ctx.getBroadcastState(broadcastDesc).put(value.split(",")[0], value.split(",")[1]);
              }
              // 处理非广播流,关联维度
              @Override
              public void processElement(User value, BroadcastProcessFunction.ReadOnlyContext ctx,
                      Collector out) throws Exception {
                  // 得到广播流的存储状态
                  ReadOnlyBroadcastState state = ctx.getBroadcastState(broadcastDesc);
                  value.setCity(state.get(value.getCity()));
                  out.collect(value);
              }
          };
          BroadcastOperatorTestHarness harness = ProcessFunctionTestHarnesses
                  .forBroadcastProcessFunction(function, broadcastDesc);
          harness.processBroadcastElement("sh,上海", 10);
          harness.processBroadcastElement("bj,北京", 20);
          harness.processElement(new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj"), 10);
          harness.processElement(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh"), 30);
          Assert.assertEquals(harness.extractOutputValues(),
                  Arrays.asList(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "上海"), new User(2, "alan", 19, "北京")));
      }
  }

 三、测试 Flink 作业

  1、JUnit 规则 MiniClusterWithClientResource

  Apache Flink 提供了一个名为 MiniClusterWithClientResource 的 Junit 规则,用于针对本地嵌入式小型集群测试完整的作业。 叫做 MiniClusterWithClientResource.

  要使用 MiniClusterWithClientResource,需要添加一个额外的依赖项(测试范围)。

   org.apache.flink      flink-test-utils   1.17.2    test  

 让我们采用与前面几节相同的简单 MapFunction来做示例。

 /*
   * @Author: alanchan
   * @LastEditors: alanchan
   * @Description: 
   */
  package com.win;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.List;
  import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
  import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.sink.SinkFunction;
  import org.apache.flink.test.util.MiniClusterResourceConfiguration;
  import org.apache.flink.test.util.MiniClusterWithClientResource;
  import org.junit.ClassRule;
  import org.junit.Test;
  public class TestExampleIntegrationDemo {
      static class AlanIncrementMapFunction implements MapFunction {
          @Override
          public Long map(Long record) throws Exception {
              return record + 1;
          }
      }
      @ClassRule
      public static MiniClusterWithClientResource flinkCluster = new MiniClusterWithClientResource(
              new MiniClusterResourceConfiguration.Builder()
                      .setNumberSlotsPerTaskManager(2)
                      .setNumberTaskManagers(1)
                      .build());
      @Test
      public void testIncrementPipeline() throws Exception {
          StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
          // configure your test environment
          env.setParallelism(2);
          // values are collected in a static variable
          CollectSink.values.clear();
          // create a stream of custom elements and apply transformations
          env.fromElements(1L, 21L, 22L)
                  .map(new AlanIncrementMapFunction())
                  .addSink(new CollectSink());
          // execute
          env.execute();
          // verify your results
          assertTrue(CollectSink.values.containsAll(Arrays.asList(2L, 22L, 23L)));
      }
      // create a testing sink
      private static class CollectSink implements SinkFunction {
          // must be static
          public static final List values = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
          @Override
          public void invoke(Long value, SinkFunction.Context context) throws Exception {
              values.add(value);
          }
      }
  }

 关于使用 MiniClusterWithClientResource 进行集成测试的几点备注:

  ·为了不将整个 pipeline 代码从生产复制到测试,请将你的 source 和 sink 在生产代码中设置成可插拔的,并在测试中注入特殊的测试 source 和测试 sink。

  · 这里使用 CollectSink 中的静态变量,是因为Flink 在将所有算子分布到整个集群之前先对其进行了序列化。 解决此问题的一种方法是与本地 Flink 小型集群通过实例化算子的静态变量进行通信。 或者,你可以使用测试的 sink 将数据写入临时目录的文件中。

  · 如果你的作业使用事件时间计时器,则可以实现自定义的 并行 源函数来发出 watermark。

  · 建议始终以 parallelism > 1 的方式在本地测试 pipeline,以识别只有在并行执行 pipeline 时才会出现的 bug。

  · 优先使用 @ClassRule 而不是 @Rule,这样多个测试可以共享同一个 Flink 集群。这样做可以节省大量的时间,因为 Flink 集群的启动和关闭通常会占用实际测试的执行时间。

  · 如果你的 pipeline 包含自定义状态处理,则可以通过启用 checkpoint 并在小型集群中重新启动作业来测试其正确性。为此,你需要在 pipeline 中(仅测试)抛出用户自定义函数的异常来触发失败。

  以上,本文详细的介绍了Flink的单元测试,分为有状态、无状态以及作业的测试,特别是针对无状态的单元测试给出了常见的使用示例。

 感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人,礼尚往来总是要有的,虽然不是什么很值钱的东西,如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走:

 

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