使用Python绘制圣诞树教程(附源代码)

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又是一年一度的圣诞节快到了,作为程序猿那必须露一手,最终效果图如下:

目录

1.turtle库 

2.实现步骤 

(1)导入库

(2)定义基本绘图方法

(3)画树身

(4)画装饰小物件

(5)祝福语

3.完整代码


1.turtle库 

turtle(海龟)是Python重要的标准库之一,它能够进行基本的图形绘制,其概念诞生于1969年。turtle是最有价值的程序设计入门实践库,它是程序设计入门层面最常用的基本绘图库。

turtle的绘图原理:

  • 有一只海龟处于画布正中心,由程序控制在画布上游走;
  • 海龟走过的轨迹形成了绘制的图形
  • 海龟由程序控制,可改变其大小,颜色等

     

    2.实现步骤 

    (1)导入库

    from turtle import *
    from random import *
    import math

    (2)定义基本绘图方法

    def Rightdraw(Range,Fd,Right): 
        for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数
            fd(Fd)  # 向前Fd个距离
            right(Right) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度
    def Leftdraw(Range,Fd,Left): 
        for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数
            fd(Fd)  # 向前Fd个距离
            left(Left) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度
    def changeMypos(x,y,range=heading(),Fd=0):
        penup()
        goto(x, y)
        seth(range)
        fd(Fd)
        pendown()
     
    def drawBranch(x,y,size=1):
        changeMypos(x,y)
        Leftdraw(6,3,9)
        seth(0)
        Rightdraw(6,3,9)
        seth(0)
        fd(6)

    (3)画树身

    # 树顶层
    seth(-120)
    Rightdraw(10,12,2)
    changeMypos(0,185,-60)
    Leftdraw(10,12,2)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-150,10)
    # 第一层的波浪
    for i in range(4):
        Rightdraw(5,7,15)
        seth(-150)
        penup()
        fd(2)
        pendown()
    # 二层
    changeMypos(-55,70,-120)
    Rightdraw(10,8,5)
    changeMypos(50,73,-60)
    Leftdraw(10,8,5)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
    seth(-145)
    pendown()
    # 第二层的波浪
    for i in range(5):
        Rightdraw(5,9,15)
        seth(-152.5)
        penup()
        fd(3)
        pendown()
    # 树三层
    changeMypos(-100,0,-120)
    Rightdraw(10,6.5,4.5)
    changeMypos(80,0,-50)
    Leftdraw(10,6,3)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
    seth(-145)
    # 第三次的波浪
    for i in range(6):
        Rightdraw(5,9,15)
        seth(-152)
        penup()
        fd(3)
        pendown()
    # 树四层
    changeMypos(-120,-55,-130)
    Rightdraw(7,10,4)
    changeMypos(100,-55,-50)
    Leftdraw(7,10,5)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
    seth(-155)
    # 第四层的波浪
    for i in range(7):
        Rightdraw(5,9,13)
        seth(-155)
        penup()
        fd(3)
        pendown()
    # 树根
    changeMypos(-70,-120,-85)
    Leftdraw(3,8,3)
    changeMypos(70,-120,-95)
    Rightdraw(3,8,3)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-170,10)
    Rightdraw(10,12,2)
    # 画树枝
    drawBranch(45,-80)
    drawBranch(-70,-25)
    drawBranch(-20,40)

    (4)画装饰小物件

    五角星

    # 画五角星
    def drawStar(x,y,Range,size):
        pensize(1)
        color("red","yellow")
        begin_fill()
        changeMypos(x,y,Range)
        for i in range(5): #画五角星
            forward(10*size)
            right(144)    #五角星的角度
            forward(10*size)
            left(72)    #继续换角度
        end_fill()
        right(126)

    雪花

    # 绘制雪花
    def drawSnow():
        hideturtle()
        speed(0)
        pencolor("white")
        pensize(2)
        for i in range(80): # 雪花数量
            changeMypos(randint(-248,248),randint(-100,248))
            petalNumber = 6 # 雪花花瓣数为6
            snowSize = int(randint(2,10))
            for j in range(petalNumber):
                fd(snowSize)
                backward(snowSize)
                right(360/petalNumber)

    圣诞袜子

    # 圣诞袜子
    def drawSock(x,y,range,size=1):
        # 绘制袜子的白边
        pensize(1)
        changeMypos(x,y,range)
        color("black","white")
        begin_fill()
        fd(20*size)
        circle(3*size,180)
        fd(20*size)
        circle(3*size,180)
        end_fill()
        # 绘制袜子的下半部分
        color("white","red")
        begin_fill()
        startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
        starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
        finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
        finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range-90)
        fd(20*size) # 圆弧距离白边40
        seth(180+range)
        fd(5*size) # 向袜子头延伸10
        circle(7*size,180)  #袜子头处的半圆形
        fd(21*size) #袜子宽42
        seth(90+range)
        d = distance(finalx,finaly)  #找到袜子底部与白边的距离
        fd(d)
        seth(range+180)
        fd(16*size) 
        end_fill()

    圣诞帽

    # 圣诞帽
    def drawHat(x,y,range,size=1):
        # 绘制帽白边
        pensize(1)
        changeMypos(x,y,range)
        color("white","white")
        begin_fill()
        fd(20*size)
        circle(-3*size,180)
        fd(20*size)
        circle(-3*size,180)
        end_fill()
        # 绘制帽子上半部分
        color("white","red")
        begin_fill()
        startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
        starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
        finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
        finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
        Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)
        seth(190)
        Leftdraw(9,2*size,8)
        goto(finalx,finaly)
        goto(startx,starty)
        end_fill()
        # 绘制圣诞帽上的小球
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
        Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)
        begin_fill()
        color("white","white")
        circle(-2.5*size)
        end_fill()

    彩带

    # 绘制彩带
    def drawRibbon(x,y,range,size):
            begin_fill()
            color("red","red")
            seth(range+40)
            fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))
            seth(range+90)
            fd(20/3*size)
            seth(range-140)
            fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))
            seth(range-90)
            fd(20/3*size)
            end_fill()

    糖果

    # 圣诞糖果
    def drawCandy(x,y,range,size):
        # 绘制糖体
        pensize(1)
        changeMypos(x,y,range)
        color("white","white")
        begin_fill()
        startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
        starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
        finalx = x+8*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
        finaly = y+8*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)
        circle(-40/3*size,180)
        circle(-8/3*size,180)
        circle(22/3*size,180)
        goto(finalx,finaly)
        goto(startx,starty)
        end_fill()
        # 绘制下面三条彩带
        color("white")
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
        fd(10/3*size)
        drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
        changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)
        drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
        changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)
        drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
        # 绘制弧线段的彩带
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)
        circle(-13.3*size,55)
        x1 =xcor()
        y1 =ycor()
        begin_fill()
        circle(-13.3*size,80)
        right(75)
        fd(6.3*size)
        right(115)
        circle(7*size,85)
        goto(x1,y1)
        end_fill()

    (5)祝福语

    # 祝福语
    color("dark red","red") #定义字体颜色
    penup()
    goto(0,-230)
    write("Merry Christmas",align ="center",font=("Comic Sans MS",40,"bold"))#定义文字、位置、字体、大小

    3.完整代码

    from turtle import *
    from random import *
    import math
     
    # 绘图方法
    def Rightdraw(Range,Fd,Right): 
        for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数
            fd(Fd)  # 向前Fd个距离
            right(Right) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度
    def Leftdraw(Range,Fd,Left): 
        for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数
            fd(Fd)  # 向前Fd个距离
            left(Left) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度
     
    # 背景改为黑色
    screensize(bg='black') 
     
    # 重设海龟位置
    def changeMypos(x,y,range=heading(),Fd=0):
        penup()
        goto(x, y)
        seth(range)
        fd(Fd)
        pendown()
     
    def drawBranch(x,y,size=1):
        changeMypos(x,y)
        Leftdraw(6,3,9)
        seth(0)
        Rightdraw(6,3,9)
        seth(0)
        fd(6)
     
    # 画五角星
    def drawStar(x,y,Range,size):
        pensize(1)
        color("red","yellow")
        begin_fill()
        changeMypos(x,y,Range)
        for i in range(5): #画五角星
            forward(10*size)
            right(144)    #五角星的角度
            forward(10*size)
            left(72)    #继续换角度
        end_fill()
        right(126)
     
    # 绘制雪花
    def drawSnow():
        hideturtle()
        speed(0)
        pencolor("white")
        pensize(2)
        for i in range(80): # 雪花数量
            changeMypos(randint(-248,248),randint(-100,248))
            petalNumber = 6 # 雪花花瓣数为6
            snowSize = int(randint(2,10))
            for j in range(petalNumber):
                fd(snowSize)
                backward(snowSize)
                right(360/petalNumber)
     
    # 圣诞袜子
    def drawSock(x,y,range,size=1):
        # 绘制袜子的白边
        pensize(1)
        changeMypos(x,y,range)
        color("black","white")
        begin_fill()
        fd(20*size)
        circle(3*size,180)
        fd(20*size)
        circle(3*size,180)
        end_fill()
        # 绘制袜子的下半部分
        color("white","red")
        begin_fill()
        startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
        starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
        finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
        finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range-90)
        fd(20*size) # 圆弧距离白边40
        seth(180+range)
        fd(5*size) # 向袜子头延伸10
        circle(7*size,180)  #袜子头处的半圆形
        fd(21*size) #袜子宽42
        seth(90+range)
        d = distance(finalx,finaly)  #找到袜子底部与白边的距离
        fd(d)
        seth(range+180)
        fd(16*size) 
        end_fill()
     
    # 圣诞帽
    def drawHat(x,y,range,size=1):
        # 绘制帽白边
        pensize(1)
        changeMypos(x,y,range)
        color("white","white")
        begin_fill()
        fd(20*size)
        circle(-3*size,180)
        fd(20*size)
        circle(-3*size,180)
        end_fill()
        # 绘制帽子上半部分
        color("white","red")
        begin_fill()
        startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
        starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
        finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
        finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
        Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)
        seth(190)
        Leftdraw(9,2*size,8)
        goto(finalx,finaly)
        goto(startx,starty)
        end_fill()
        # 绘制圣诞帽上的小球
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
        Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)
        begin_fill()
        color("white","white")
        circle(-2.5*size)
        end_fill()
     
    # 绘制彩带
    def drawRibbon(x,y,range,size):
            begin_fill()
            color("red","red")
            seth(range+40)
            fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))
            seth(range+90)
            fd(20/3*size)
            seth(range-140)
            fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))
            seth(range-90)
            fd(20/3*size)
            end_fill()
     
    # 圣诞糖果
    def drawCandy(x,y,range,size):
        # 绘制糖体
        pensize(1)
        changeMypos(x,y,range)
        color("white","white")
        begin_fill()
        startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
        starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
        finalx = x+8*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
        finaly = y+8*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)
        circle(-40/3*size,180)
        circle(-8/3*size,180)
        circle(22/3*size,180)
        goto(finalx,finaly)
        goto(startx,starty)
        end_fill()
        # 绘制下面三条彩带
        color("white")
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
        fd(10/3*size)
        drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
        changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)
        drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
        changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)
        drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
        # 绘制弧线段的彩带
        changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)
        circle(-13.3*size,55)
        x1 =xcor()
        y1 =ycor()
        begin_fill()
        circle(-13.3*size,80)
        right(75)
        fd(6.3*size)
        right(115)
        circle(7*size,85)
        goto(x1,y1)
        end_fill()
     
    setup(500,500,startx = None,starty = None)
    title("Merry Christmas")
    speed(0)
    pencolor("green")
    pensize(10)
    hideturtle()
    changeMypos(0,185,0)
     
     
    # 树顶层
    seth(-120)
    Rightdraw(10,12,2)
    changeMypos(0,185,-60)
    Leftdraw(10,12,2)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-150,10)
    # 第一层的波浪
    for i in range(4):
        Rightdraw(5,7,15)
        seth(-150)
        penup()
        fd(2)
        pendown()
    # 二层
    changeMypos(-55,70,-120)
    Rightdraw(10,8,5)
    changeMypos(50,73,-60)
    Leftdraw(10,8,5)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
    seth(-145)
    pendown()
    # 第二层的波浪
    for i in range(5):
        Rightdraw(5,9,15)
        seth(-152.5)
        penup()
        fd(3)
        pendown()
    # 树三层
    changeMypos(-100,0,-120)
    Rightdraw(10,6.5,4.5)
    changeMypos(80,0,-50)
    Leftdraw(10,6,3)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
    seth(-145)
    # 第三次的波浪
    for i in range(6):
        Rightdraw(5,9,15)
        seth(-152)
        penup()
        fd(3)
        pendown()
    # 树四层
    changeMypos(-120,-55,-130)
    Rightdraw(7,10,4)
    changeMypos(100,-55,-50)
    Leftdraw(7,10,5)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
    seth(-155)
    # 第四层的波浪
    for i in range(7):
        Rightdraw(5,9,13)
        seth(-155)
        penup()
        fd(3)
        pendown()
    # 树根
    changeMypos(-70,-120,-85)
    Leftdraw(3,8,3)
    changeMypos(70,-120,-95)
    Rightdraw(3,8,3)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-170,10)
    Rightdraw(10,12,2)
    # 画树枝
    drawBranch(45,-80)
    drawBranch(-70,-25)
    drawBranch(-20,40)
     
    # 添加挂件
    drawHat(-25,175,-10,2.5)
    drawCandy(-75,-50,-10,1)  
    drawCandy(10,40,-10,1.2)
    drawStar(110,-90,80,1)
    drawStar(-120,-100,50,1)
    drawStar(-90,-50,20,1)
    drawStar(90,-25,30,1)
    drawSock(10,-35,-10,2)
    drawSock(-40,100,10,1)
    drawStar(-20,40,30,1)
    drawStar(10,120,90,1)
     
    # 打印祝福语
    color("dark red","red") #定义字体颜色
    penup()
    goto(0,-230)
    write("Merry Christmas",align ="center",font=("Comic Sans MS",40,"bold"))#定义文字、位置、字体、大小
     
    # 调用下雪的函数
    drawSnow()
     
    done()

    以上就是本次圣诞树的画法教程,其中里面的一些文字、颜色、参数等大家可自行调整绘制出自己喜欢的圣诞树~